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Levy

Levy

Levy is a fixed sum charged in accordance with the Property Management Services Ordinance (Cap. 626) (PMSO) and the Property Management Services (Levy) Regulation (Cap. 626A) (Levy Regulation) under the PMSO. The amount of levy payable for each leviable instrument is HK$350 regardless of the stated consideration or value of the immovable properties under the conveyance on sale.

Leviable instruments are conveyances on sale as defined under section 2(1) of the Stamp Duty Ordinance (Cap.117) (SDO) which are chargeable with stamp duty under head 1(1) in the First Schedule to the SDO (leviable instruments). A conveyance on sale generally means every conveyance whereby any immovable property, upon the sale thereof, is transferred to or vested in a purchaser. You are advised to seek professional advice on the kinds of instruments that are leviable under the PMSO.

For the avoidance of doubt, an assignment of lease or tenancy, including an assignment of a short term lease or tenancy, in return for money consideration is regarded as a “conveyance on sale” chargeable with stamp duty under head 1(1) of the First Schedule to the SDO and therefore is a leviable instrument.

The following are examples of instruments relating to transfer of immovable property in Hong Kong which are NOT leviable because they are not “leviable instruments” as defined under section 51 of the PMSO –

  1. Conveyance operating as voluntary dispositions inter vivos (commonly known as “deed of gift”)
  2. Conveyance relating to inheritance of estate (regardless of whether there is any will)
  3. Deed of exchange (not involving any conveyance on sale) of an immovable property for another immovable property
The transferee under a leviable instrument is liable to pay the levy. The transferee (generally refers to the purchaser) is the person to whom the immovable property concerned is transferred, or in whom the immovable property concerned is vested, under the leviable instrument. If there is more than one transferee under the instrument, all transferees are jointly and severally liable to pay the levy.
The levy is payable within 30 days after the leviable instrument is executed, which is the same as the time for stamping.

The collection of levy is very similar to that of stamp duty. The Stamp Office of the Inland Revenue Department (IRD) will collect the levy on behalf of the Property Management Services Authority (PMSA) together with the stamp duty when a conveyance on sale which is leviable is submitted to the IRD for stamping. Stamping can be made either electronically or via paper applications submitted to the Stamp Office of the IRD.

In general, matters relating to conveyances on sale and payment of stamp duty etc. are handled by solicitor firms. As both stamp duty and levy are collected by the Stamp Office, payers can arrange for both payments through solicitor firms.

If the stamping request is lodged by e-Stamping, payment of stamp duty and levy can be made online in one go via the GovHK website by PPS, VISA Card or Mastercard. Alternatively, payers may print out the payment notice of stamp duty and levy and make payment at post offices, the Stamp Office or convenience stores, etc.

As regards stamping applications by paper forms, separate cheques for the payment of stamp duty and levy shall be submitted to the Stamp Office of the IRD.

Through formulating and implementing a licensing regime and other complementary measures, including codes of conduct and administrative guidelines, that suit the situation in Hong Kong, the PMSA aims to encourage and assist the property management industry and its practitioners in striving for enhancement in quality and professionalism so as to provide property owners, occupiers and users with professional property management services, hence better living environment. The PMSA is a self-financing statutory body. The levies are used to support its daily operation to fulfil its vision and to serve the public.
Yes. Only purchasers of immovable properties are liable to pay the levy, which is collected in accordance with the relevant provisions of the PMSO. Sections 53 to 55 of the PMSO provide for the payment of levy to the PMSA by transferees under leviable instruments within a prescribed period while section 54 stipulates that transferees are liable to pay the levy.

Transferees under leviable instruments are liable to pay the levy within a prescribed period in accordance with the PMSO.

According to sections 57 and 58 of the PMSO, late payment or non-payment of levy are subject to a penalty, the amount of which ranges from two to ten times of the original amount of the levy, depending on the length of delay. If there is more than one transferee under the instrument, they are all jointly and severally liable to pay the penalty.

The PMSA may recover the amount of any levy or penalty payable as a civil debt due to it in accordance with section 60 of the PMSO, or register a certificate of levy and penalty in the Land Registry in accordance with section 59 of the PMSO.

According to section 58(1)(b) of the PSMO, the amount of the penalty is –

  1. double the amount of the levy if the levy is paid not later than one month after the expiry of the payment period;
  2. four times the amount of the levy if the levy is paid later than one month but not later than two months after the expiry of the payment period; or
  3. ten times the amount of the levy in any other cases.
The exemption under the PMSO levy regime is the same as that under the SDO. Where any exemption is available under the SDO, no levy shall be payable under the PMSO. The Levy Regulation provides that classes of persons covered by sections 41 and 43(1) of the SDO, such as the Government, a person acting in his capacity as a public officer, diplomatic agent, consular officer etc., are exempt from payment of levy.
As matters relating to conveyances on sale of properties are handled by solicitor firms in general, their advice can be sought for the payment of levy.

Examples of the application of the minimum manning ratios

The criteria for holding a property management company (PMC) licence are:
  • Criterion 1: The PMC must engage at least one licensed PMP (Tier 1) (whether part-time or full-time), who has effective control of the provision of property management services by the PMC; and
  • Criterion 2: The PMC must engage a number of full-time licensed PMPs that meets the minimum manning ratios specified by the PMSA.
The minimum manning ratios are:
  • at least one licensed PMP (Tier 1) for every 3,000 flats or below; and
  • at least one licensed PMP (Tier 2) for every 1,500 flats or below.
Below are some examples of how the manning ratios are applied:
ExampleNumber of flats in the portfolioThe required number of full-time licensed PMPs engaged
Tier 1Tier 2Total
A0000
B1,500112
C1,501123
D3,000123
E3,001235
F5,900246
G20,00071421
In Example A, the PMC does not have any property in its portfolio. One reason could be that the PMC is newly established and has not entered into any management contract yet. Another reason could be that the PMC has outsourced all property management services to another licensed PMC (subcontractor) in which case the property in question is deemed to be in the portfolio of the subcontractor (more examples of outsourcing may be found here). In these cases, the PMC is not required to engage any licensed PMP, but for it to hold a PMC licence, it must still fulfil criterion 1 stated above.
If the licensed PMP (Tier 1) who fulfils criteria 1 is engaged on a full-time basis, then he or she may be included in the staff of full-time licensed PMPs for the purpose of meeting the minimum manning ratios.
A PMC may choose to engage an equal number of licensed PMP (Tier 1), instead of licensed PMP (Tier 2), to fulfill the minimum manning ratio for licensed PMP (Tier 2). For example, a PMC in Example D stated above may choose to engage a total of three licensed PMPs (Tier 1) instead of one licensed PMP (Tier 1) and two licensed PMPs (Tier 2).
“Flats” are defined as any premises in a building which are referred to in a deed of mutual covenant (DMC) whether described therein as a flat or by any other name and whether used as a dwelling, shop, factory, office or for any other purpose, of which the owner, as between himself and owners or occupiers of other parts of the same building, is entitled to the exclusive possession. Properties without a DMC are not to be included in the portfolio for the purpose of the minimum manning ratios. More information about how the number of flats should be calculated may be found here.
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Effective Control over Property Management Business by Property Management Companies

Copy No.: C3/2021
Effective Date: 8 January 2021

Preamble

The following code of conduct (“Code”) is issued by the Property Management Services Authority pursuant to section 5 of the Property Management Services Ordinance (“PMSO”) and contains practical guidance for the purposes of section 4 of the PMSO (disciplinary offences). Although a licensee1 does not incur a legal liability only because the licensee has contravened a provision of the Code, the Code is admissible in evidence in disciplinary hearings, and proof that a licensee contravened or did not contravene the relevant provision of the Code may be relied on as tending to establish or negate a matter that is in issue in the hearings.

Code

Establishing mechanism for effective control over business

A(1) A licensed property management company (“licensed PMC”) has to establish an effective control mechanism (“mechanism”) for its business to provide property management services (“PMSs”). The mechanism shall include the following elements:

  • Establishing management team structure;
  • Setting out work guidelines;
  • Providing sufficient manpower;
  • Providing sufficient resources;
  • Providing appropriate training;
  • Effective monitoring;
  • Regular assessment;
  • Taking appropriate follow-up actions;
  • Keeping records; and
  • Supervising sub-contractors.

Establishing management team structure

B(1) A licensed PMC has to, with respect to each property for which PMSs are provided by it, establish a management team structure and prepare a management team operational chart to enable its employees to know the structure of the management team in order to facilitate carrying out duties and reporting work development.

Setting out work guidelines

C(1) A licensed PMC has to set out proper work procedures and clear guidelines for its employees to follow in the provision of PMSs. A licensed PMC has to review and/or update the relevant work procedures and guidelines regularly to ensure that they comply with operational requirements.

Providing sufficient manpower

D(1) A licensed PMC has to enter into an agreement with its client2 with respect to the provision of PMSs and has to arrange sufficient manpower to provide PMSs according to the agreement.

Providing sufficient resources

E(1) A licensed PMC has to provide necessary and suitable material and equipment to its employees so as to enable them to provide PMSs effectively under safe working conditions.

Providing appropriate training

F(1) A licensed PMC has to provide appropriate training to its employees in the provision of PMSs in order to enable them to perform their duties in compliance with the relevant work procedures and guidelines. A licensed PMC has to strengthen training for employees who fail to perform their duties according to the relevant work procedures and guidelines.

Effective monitoring

G(1) A licensed PMC has to continuously and effectively monitor the work and conduct of its employees who provide PMSs and has to conduct regular review to ensure that its employees follow the relevant work procedures and guidelines.

Regular assessment

H(1) A licensed PMC has to periodically evaluate the work performance of its employees who provide PMSs in order to determine whether its employees have followed the relevant work procedures and guidelines and consider whether it is necessary to strengthen training or provide further guidance.

Taking appropriate follow-up actions

I(1) A licensed PMC has to take appropriate follow-up actions in respect of employees who fail to follow the relevant work procedures and guidelines.

Keeping records

J(1) A licensed PMC has to keep the relevant information and documents in relation to the implementation of the Code for not less than 3 years.

Supervising sub-contractors

K(1) If a licensed PMC sub-contracts all or part of its PMSs to a sub-contractor or a service provider, the licensed PMC has to supervise the sub-contractor or service provider suitably, no matter whether the sub-contractor or service provider is a licensee or not.

Note

  1. The term “licensee” means the holder of the following licence: a PMC licence; a PMP (Tier 1) licence; a PMP (Tier 2) licence; a provisional PMP (Tier 1) licence; or a provisional PMP (Tier 2) licence.
  2. The term “client” has the same meaning as defined in section 16 of the PMSO, i.e. “in relation to a property for which a licensed PMC provides property management services, means— (a) the owners’ organization of the property; and (b) the owners of the property who pay or are liable to pay the management expenses in respect of the services”. According to such definition, a tenant is not a client.
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Complaint Handling Mechanism of Property Management Companies

Copy No.: C2/2021
Effective Date: 8 January 2021

Preamble

The following code of conduct (“Code”) is issued by the Property Management Services Authority pursuant to section 5 of the Property Management Services Ordinance (“PMSO”) and contains practical guidance for the purposes of section 4 of the PMSO (disciplinary offences). Although a licensee1 does not incur a legal liability only because the licensee has contravened a provision of the Code, the Code is admissible in evidence in disciplinary hearings, and proof that a licensee contravened or did not contravene the relevant provision of the Code may be relied on as tending to establish or negate a matter that is in issue in the hearings.

Code

Complaint procedures and systems

A(1) A licensed property management company (“licensed PMC”) has to establish an effective complaint2 handling mechanism (“mechanism”) for each property for which property management services (“PMSs”) are provided by it. A notice containing details of the mechanism shall be displayed in a prominent place in the property so as to enable the licensed PMC’s clients3 to know the details of the mechanism.

A(2) The notice mentioned in paragraph A(1) of the Code shall include the details of the mechanism and the following matters:

  • Ways of lodging a complaint;
  • Clients may obtain details of the mechanism4;
  • Personal information collection statement; and
  • Contact information of the person-in-charge (see paragraph B(1) of the Code).

A(3) The mechanism shall include the following elements:

  • Appointing a person-in-charge to supervise the handling of complaints;
  • Acknowledging receipt of and recording complaints;
  • Handling complaints promptly;
  • Notifying complainant of progress and result timely; and
  • Proper record-keeping and providing complaint information.

Appointing a person-in-charge to supervise the handling of complaints

B(1) A licensed PMC has to, for each property for which PMSs are provided by it, appoint a licensed PMP (“person-in-charge”) to supervise the handling of complaints and display the name, licence number and telephone number and/or email address of the person-in-charge in a prominent place in the property.

Acknowledging receipt of and recording complaints

C(1) Subject to paragraph E(3) of the Code, upon receipt of a complaint, the person-in-charge has to, as soon as reasonably practicable, arrange to assign a case number to the complaint, record its brief facts in the complaint register5, acknowledge receipt of the complaint and provide the case number to the complainant6.

C(2) The person-in-charge has to ensure that the following information is recorded in the complaint register: the name of the complainant (if provided); brief facts of the complaint and the date on which the complaint is recorded.

C(3) The person-in-charge has to check the complaint register regularly and rectify or arrange for rectification of any error found as soon as reasonably practicable.

Handling complaints promptly

D(1) Upon receipt of a complaint, a licensed PMC has to, as soon as reasonably practicable, carry out follow-up actions in accordance with the mechanism. However, a licensed PMC may not deal with an anonymous complaint7.

D(2) Subject to paragraph E(3) of the Code, if a licensed PMC is unable to handle the complaint (e.g. the person under complaint is not a staff member of the licensed PMC or the matter of complaint is outside the scope of the PMSs provided by the licensed PMC), the licensed PMC has to, with the consent of the complainant, refer the complaint to the relevant person or organization (e.g. management committee or owners’ committee) or advise the complainant to contact the relevant person or organization directly.

Notifying complainant of progress and result timely

E(1) Subject to paragraph E(3) of the Code, a licensed PMC has to timely notify the complainant the progress of follow-up action(s) taken.

E(2) Subject to paragraph E(3) of the Code, a licensed PMC has to, at the conclusion of follow-up action(s) taken, notify the complainant of the result, explain to the complainant the relevant follow-up action(s) taken (if any) and the reasons for reaching the conclusion (if applicable).

E(3) If the complainant is not a client or is an anonymous complainant, the licensed PMC is not required to contact or notify the complainant in accordance with the guidelines set out in paragraphs C(1), D(2), E(1) and E(2) of the Code. However, the licensed PMC still has to act in accordance with other guidelines of the Code.

Proper record-keeping and providing complaint information

F(1) A licensed PMC has to keep properly all relevant complaint information8 and documents for not less than 3 years commencing from the date of receipt of a complaint (no matter whether the complaint is established or not). A licensed PMC has to, upon written request (if any) by the owners’ organization, provide yearly statistical information on complaints (including the nature of complaints, the sub-total and total number of complaints) to the owners’ organisation.

Note

  1. The term “licensee” means the holder of the following licence: a PMC licence; a PMP (Tier 1) licence; a PMP (Tier 2) licence; a provisional PMP (Tier 1) licence; or a provisional PMP (Tier 2) licence.
  2. A licensed PMC is not required to follow the Code if it reasonably believes that a person has only made an enquiry or provided opinion or information, but has not made a complaint. A complaint may be lodged by a named or an anonymous person and such person includes a client, a user or a visitor of the relevant property. Complaints may be lodged through different ways, including complaint made verbally, by telephone, fax or email, etc. If a licensed PMC reasonably believes that the identity of a complainant cannot be ascertained through the information the complainant has provided, it may deal with the complaint as if it were an anonymous complaint.
  3. The term “client” has the same meaning as defined in section 16 of the PMSO, i.e. “in relation to a property for which a licensed PMC provides property management services, means— (a) the owners’ organization of the property; and (b) the owners of the property who pay or are liable to pay the management expenses in respect of the services”. According to such definition, a tenant is not a client.
  4. A licensed PMC may, after receipt of payment of a reasonable copying fee, provide a copy of the mechanism to a client.
  5. The complaint register may be in electronic form. Licensed PMCs may set up separate complaint registers for different parts of the property (e.g. residential area, club house, etc.).
  6. The guidelines on the requirement to contact a complainant apply to the situation where the complainant has provided contact information. If the complainant has not provided any contact information, the guidelines on contacting a complainant set out in paragraphs C(1), D(2), E(1) and E(2) of the Code do not apply.
  7. Although a licensed PMC may not deal with an anonymous complaint, it is still required to record such a complaint in the complaint register in accordance with paragraph C(1) of the Code.
  8. Relevant information includes records of verbal and telephone communication with the complainants.

Criteria for a specified academic qualification

Having an academic qualification specified by the Property Management Services Authority (PMSA) is one of the criteria for holding a property management practitioner licence.  In determining whether to specify an academic qualification, the PMSA will consider the following factors:

  • the level and credits of the qualification under the Hong Kong Qualifications Framework;
  • the relevance of the qualification to the property management profession; and
  • any other factors considered relevant by the PMSA.
Level and credits under the Hong Kong Qualifications Framework

In general, a degree or equivalent qualification must have a minimum of 150 QF Credits at QF Level 5 or above, while an associate degree, a diploma or an equivalent qualification, must have a minimum of 90 QF Credits at QF Level 4 or above.

Relevance to the property management profession

The PMSA uses the “Vocational Qualifications Pathway” (VQP) formulated by the Property Management Industry Training Advisory Committee as an assessment tool. In general, a learning program must cover at least four out of the seven functional areas and one of the areas covered must be “Law in Practice”. In addition, the units of competency covered by the program must be those formulated for the post of “property manager” (for a PMP (Tier1) licence) or “property officer” (for a PMP (Tier 2) licence) under the VQP. A functional area is not considered covered by the program unless the number of competency requirements under that functional area meets or exceeds that specified by the PMSA as follows:

Making an application

Organisations or educational institutions wishing to have their learning programs so specified may make an application (form in Chinese only) with the PMSA, regardless of whether the programs are designed in accordance with the units of competency required for the post of “property manager” (for a PMP (Tier 1) licence) or “property officer” (for a PMP (Tier 2) licence) under the VQP.

Note: For details of the functional areas and units of competency of the competency requirements for the positions of property managers and property officers, please refer to: https://www.hkqf.gov.hk/pm/en/vqp/pathways/index.html。

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General Code of Conduct

Code No.：C1/2020
Effective Date：7 August 2020

Preamble

The following code of conduct (Code) is issued by the Property Management Services Authority (PMSA) pursuant to section 5 of the Property Management Services Ordinance (PMSO) and contains practical guidance for the purposes of section 4 of the PMSO (disciplinary offence). Although a licensee does not incur a legal liability only because the licensee has contravened a provision of the Code, the Code is admissible in evidence in disciplinary hearings, and proof that a licensee contravened or did not contravene the relevant provision of the Code may be relied on as tending to establish or negate a matter that is in issue in the hearings.

Code

  1. A licensee must not commit misconduct or neglect in a professional respect.
  2. A licensee must provide services to the licensee’s clients with honesty, fidelity and integrity.
  3. A licensee must, to the best of the licensee’s knowledge, provide accurate and relevant information or advice to the licensee’s clients to facilitate them to make informed judgments and decisions.
  4. A licensee must establish proper procedures and systems to manage and supervise the property management services provided by the licensee.
  5. A licensee must, in the course of the licensee’s practice, act in an impartial and just manner towards the licensee’s clients and any other parties concerned.
  6. A licensee should avoid conflict of interests with the licensee’s clients. In the event of possible or potential conflict of interests (whether pecuniary or beneficial interest), a licensee must as soon as reasonably practicable disclose to the licensee’s clients in detail such interests.
  7. A licensee must not maliciously injure the reputation, nor publicly disparage the practice, of other property management services providers.
  8. A licensee must not do anything which may bring disrepute to the property management profession.
  9. A licensee must, in the course of the licensee’s practice, comply with the laws of Hong Kong.

 

Note

  1. The term “licensee” means the holder of a PMC licence; a PMP (Tier 1) licence; a PMP (Tier 2) licence; a provisional PMP (Tier 1) licence; or a provisional PMP (Tier 2) licence.
  2. The term “client” has the same meaning as defined in section 16 of the PMSO. Section 16 of the PMSO provides: “client (客戶), in relation to a property for which a licensed PMC provides property management services, means— (a) the owners’ organization of the property; and (b) the owners of the property who pay or are liable to pay the management expenses in respect of the services.”
  3. To determine whether a licensee has acted in accordance with paragraphs (3) and (4) of the Code, the PMSA will consider the terms of the relevant contract entered into between the licensee and the licensee’s client in order to determine the scope of property management services to be provided and the duties to be carried out by the licensee.

According to the PMSO, the PMSA requires that a member of the PMSA must disclose to the PMSA any interest that the member has which is of a class or description determined by the PMSA.  The PMSO also provides that the PMSA is to establish and maintain a register relating to any such disclosed interests which it must make available for inspection through the Internet.

The purpose of maintaining and publishing a register of interests is not specified in the PMSO.  Nonetheless, the PMSA infers that the purpose is to enhance transparency and to ensure objectivity, fairness and public confidence in the decision-making of the PMSA.

The register of interests may contain personal data as defined in the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance.  By accessing the register for this Member, you acknowledge the above stated purposes of the register and undertake not to use the personal data for any other purposes.

To view the register for this Member, please click “Continue”.

Continue

According to the PMSO, the PMSA requires that a member of the PMSA must disclose to the PMSA any interest that the member has which is of a class or description determined by the PMSA.  The PMSO also provides that the PMSA is to establish and maintain a register relating to any such disclosed interests which it must make available for inspection through the Internet.

The purpose of maintaining and publishing a register of interests is not specified in the PMSO.  Nonetheless, the PMSA infers that the purpose is to enhance transparency and to ensure objectivity, fairness and public confidence in the decision-making of the PMSA.

The register of interests may contain personal data as defined in the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance.  By accessing the register for this Member, you acknowledge the above stated purposes of the register and undertake not to use the personal data for any other purposes.

To view the register for this Member, please click “Continue”.

Continue

According to the PMSO, the PMSA requires that a member of the PMSA must disclose to the PMSA any interest that the member has which is of a class or description determined by the PMSA.  The PMSO also provides that the PMSA is to establish and maintain a register relating to any such disclosed interests which it must make available for inspection through the Internet.

The purpose of maintaining and publishing a register of interests is not specified in the PMSO.  Nonetheless, the PMSA infers that the purpose is to enhance transparency and to ensure objectivity, fairness and public confidence in the decision-making of the PMSA.

The register of interests may contain personal data as defined in the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance.  By accessing the register for this Member, you acknowledge the above stated purposes of the register and undertake not to use the personal data for any other purposes.

To view the register for this Member, please click “Continue”.

Continue

According to the PMSO, the PMSA requires that a member of the PMSA must disclose to the PMSA any interest that the member has which is of a class or description determined by the PMSA.  The PMSO also provides that the PMSA is to establish and maintain a register relating to any such disclosed interests which it must make available for inspection through the Internet.

The purpose of maintaining and publishing a register of interests is not specified in the PMSO.  Nonetheless, the PMSA infers that the purpose is to enhance transparency and to ensure objectivity, fairness and public confidence in the decision-making of the PMSA.

The register of interests may contain personal data as defined in the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance.  By accessing the register for this Member, you acknowledge the above stated purposes of the register and undertake not to use the personal data for any other purposes.

To view the register for this Member, please click “Continue”.

Continue

According to the PMSO, the PMSA requires that a member of the PMSA must disclose to the PMSA any interest that the member has which is of a class or description determined by the PMSA.  The PMSO also provides that the PMSA is to establish and maintain a register relating to any such disclosed interests which it must make available for inspection through the Internet.

The purpose of maintaining and publishing a register of interests is not specified in the PMSO.  Nonetheless, the PMSA infers that the purpose is to enhance transparency and to ensure objectivity, fairness and public confidence in the decision-making of the PMSA.

The register of interests may contain personal data as defined in the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance.  By accessing the register for this Member, you acknowledge the above stated purposes of the register and undertake not to use the personal data for any other purposes.

To view the register for this Member, please click “Continue”.

Continue

According to the PMSO, the PMSA requires that a member of the PMSA must disclose to the PMSA any interest that the member has which is of a class or description determined by the PMSA.  The PMSO also provides that the PMSA is to establish and maintain a register relating to any such disclosed interests which it must make available for inspection through the Internet.

The purpose of maintaining and publishing a register of interests is not specified in the PMSO.  Nonetheless, the PMSA infers that the purpose is to enhance transparency and to ensure objectivity, fairness and public confidence in the decision-making of the PMSA.

The register of interests may contain personal data as defined in the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance.  By accessing the register for this Member, you acknowledge the above stated purposes of the register and undertake not to use the personal data for any other purposes.

To view the register for this Member, please click “Continue”.

Continue

According to the PMSO, the PMSA requires that a member of the PMSA must disclose to the PMSA any interest that the member has which is of a class or description determined by the PMSA.  The PMSO also provides that the PMSA is to establish and maintain a register relating to any such disclosed interests which it must make available for inspection through the Internet.

The purpose of maintaining and publishing a register of interests is not specified in the PMSO.  Nonetheless, the PMSA infers that the purpose is to enhance transparency and to ensure objectivity, fairness and public confidence in the decision-making of the PMSA.

The register of interests may contain personal data as defined in the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance.  By accessing the register for this Member, you acknowledge the above stated purposes of the register and undertake not to use the personal data for any other purposes.

To view the register for this Member, please click “Continue”.

Continue

According to the PMSO, the PMSA requires that a member of the PMSA must disclose to the PMSA any interest that the member has which is of a class or description determined by the PMSA.  The PMSO also provides that the PMSA is to establish and maintain a register relating to any such disclosed interests which it must make available for inspection through the Internet.

The purpose of maintaining and publishing a register of interests is not specified in the PMSO.  Nonetheless, the PMSA infers that the purpose is to enhance transparency and to ensure objectivity, fairness and public confidence in the decision-making of the PMSA.

The register of interests may contain personal data as defined in the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance.  By accessing the register for this Member, you acknowledge the above stated purposes of the register and undertake not to use the personal data for any other purposes.

To view the register for this Member, please click “Continue”.

Continue

According to the PMSO, the PMSA requires that a member of the PMSA must disclose to the PMSA any interest that the member has which is of a class or description determined by the PMSA.  The PMSO also provides that the PMSA is to establish and maintain a register relating to any such disclosed interests which it must make available for inspection through the Internet.

The purpose of maintaining and publishing a register of interests is not specified in the PMSO.  Nonetheless, the PMSA infers that the purpose is to enhance transparency and to ensure objectivity, fairness and public confidence in the decision-making of the PMSA.

The register of interests may contain personal data as defined in the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance.  By accessing the register for this Member, you acknowledge the above stated purposes of the register and undertake not to use the personal data for any other purposes.

To view the register for this Member, please click “Continue”.

Continue

According to the PMSO, the PMSA requires that a member of the PMSA must disclose to the PMSA any interest that the member has which is of a class or description determined by the PMSA.  The PMSO also provides that the PMSA is to establish and maintain a register relating to any such disclosed interests which it must make available for inspection through the Internet.

The purpose of maintaining and publishing a register of interests is not specified in the PMSO.  Nonetheless, the PMSA infers that the purpose is to enhance transparency and to ensure objectivity, fairness and public confidence in the decision-making of the PMSA.

The register of interests may contain personal data as defined in the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance.  By accessing the register for this Member, you acknowledge the above stated purposes of the register and undertake not to use the personal data for any other purposes.

To view the register for this Member, please click “Continue”.

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According to the PMSO, the PMSA requires that a member of the PMSA must disclose to the PMSA any interest that the member has which is of a class or description determined by the PMSA.  The PMSO also provides that the PMSA is to establish and maintain a register relating to any such disclosed interests which it must make available for inspection through the Internet.

The purpose of maintaining and publishing a register of interests is not specified in the PMSO.  Nonetheless, the PMSA infers that the purpose is to enhance transparency and to ensure objectivity, fairness and public confidence in the decision-making of the PMSA.

The register of interests may contain personal data as defined in the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance.  By accessing the register for this Member, you acknowledge the above stated purposes of the register and undertake not to use the personal data for any other purposes.

To view the register for this Member, please click “Continue”.

Continue

According to the PMSO, the PMSA requires that a member of the PMSA must disclose to the PMSA any interest that the member has which is of a class or description determined by the PMSA.  The PMSO also provides that the PMSA is to establish and maintain a register relating to any such disclosed interests which it must make available for inspection through the Internet.

The purpose of maintaining and publishing a register of interests is not specified in the PMSO.  Nonetheless, the PMSA infers that the purpose is to enhance transparency and to ensure objectivity, fairness and public confidence in the decision-making of the PMSA.

The register of interests may contain personal data as defined in the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance.  By accessing the register for this Member, you acknowledge the above stated purposes of the register and undertake not to use the personal data for any other purposes.

To view the register for this Member, please click “Continue”.

Continue

According to the PMSO, the PMSA requires that a member of the PMSA must disclose to the PMSA any interest that the member has which is of a class or description determined by the PMSA.  The PMSO also provides that the PMSA is to establish and maintain a register relating to any such disclosed interests which it must make available for inspection through the Internet.

The purpose of maintaining and publishing a register of interests is not specified in the PMSO.  Nonetheless, the PMSA infers that the purpose is to enhance transparency and to ensure objectivity, fairness and public confidence in the decision-making of the PMSA.

The register of interests may contain personal data as defined in the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance.  By accessing the register for this Member, you acknowledge the above stated purposes of the register and undertake not to use the personal data for any other purposes.

To view the register for this Member, please click “Continue”.

Continue

According to the PMSO, the PMSA requires that a member of the PMSA must disclose to the PMSA any interest that the member has which is of a class or description determined by the PMSA.  The PMSO also provides that the PMSA is to establish and maintain a register relating to any such disclosed interests which it must make available for inspection through the Internet.

The purpose of maintaining and publishing a register of interests is not specified in the PMSO.  Nonetheless, the PMSA infers that the purpose is to enhance transparency and to ensure objectivity, fairness and public confidence in the decision-making of the PMSA.

The register of interests may contain personal data as defined in the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance.  By accessing the register for this Member, you acknowledge the above stated purposes of the register and undertake not to use the personal data for any other purposes.

To view the register for this Member, please click “Continue”.

Continue

According to the PMSO, the PMSA requires that a member of the PMSA must disclose to the PMSA any interest that the member has which is of a class or description determined by the PMSA.  The PMSO also provides that the PMSA is to establish and maintain a register relating to any such disclosed interests which it must make available for inspection through the Internet.

The purpose of maintaining and publishing a register of interests is not specified in the PMSO.  Nonetheless, the PMSA infers that the purpose is to enhance transparency and to ensure objectivity, fairness and public confidence in the decision-making of the PMSA.

The register of interests may contain personal data as defined in the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance.  By accessing the register for this Member, you acknowledge the above stated purposes of the register and undertake not to use the personal data for any other purposes.

To view the register for this Member, please click “Continue”.

Continue

According to the PMSO, the PMSA requires that a member of the PMSA must disclose to the PMSA any interest that the member has which is of a class or description determined by the PMSA.  The PMSO also provides that the PMSA is to establish and maintain a register relating to any such disclosed interests which it must make available for inspection through the Internet.

The purpose of maintaining and publishing a register of interests is not specified in the PMSO.  Nonetheless, the PMSA infers that the purpose is to enhance transparency and to ensure objectivity, fairness and public confidence in the decision-making of the PMSA.

The register of interests may contain personal data as defined in the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance.  By accessing the register for this Member, you acknowledge the above stated purposes of the register and undertake not to use the personal data for any other purposes.

To view the register for this Member, please click “Continue”.

Continue

According to the PMSO, the PMSA requires that a member of the PMSA must disclose to the PMSA any interest that the member has which is of a class or description determined by the PMSA.  The PMSO also provides that the PMSA is to establish and maintain a register relating to any such disclosed interests which it must make available for inspection through the Internet.

The purpose of maintaining and publishing a register of interests is not specified in the PMSO.  Nonetheless, the PMSA infers that the purpose is to enhance transparency and to ensure objectivity, fairness and public confidence in the decision-making of the PMSA.

The register of interests may contain personal data as defined in the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance.  By accessing the register for this Member, you acknowledge the above stated purposes of the register and undertake not to use the personal data for any other purposes.

To view the register for this Member, please click “Continue”.

Continue